Golden Triangle Tour of India

Day/Destinations
Activities
Day 01: Arrival at Delhi
Reach Delhi and our Representative will meet you at the airport. Transfer to the hotel. Relax.
Day 02: Delhi
Delhi sightseeing tour with evening visit to Akshardham Temples.
Day 03: Agra
Morning: Superfast express train to Agra. Reach and check in to the hotel.
Later - Proceed for the sightseeing tour visiting Taj Mahal, Agra Fort and Itmadullah Tomb.
Evening, walk at Mehtab Bagh enjoying the sunset view of Taj Mahal.
Day 04: Jaipur
Drive to Jaipur this morning en-route visiting Fatehpur Sikri.
Day 05: Jaipur
Jaipur sightseeing tour with elephant ride to Amber Fort.
Evening: enjoy the walking tour of the Old Jaipur city.
Day 06: Delhi
Drive back to Delhi. Evening: enjoy last minute shopping.
Day 07: Back Home
Take a flight back home.



Oberoi Summer Package
Trident Summer Package



Hotels:
Delhi
The Oberoi
Oberoi Maidens
Agra
The Oberoi Amarvilas
Trident
Jaipur
The Oberoi Rajvilas
Trident
Includes - Accommodation with breakfast, Chauffer driven vehicle for the whole tour, English/any other language speaking guide for all sightseeing tours, All applicable taxes and service charge.

NOTE: 1. The price does not include International flights and is valid for 2 people travelling.
             2. Please contact us for Single Occupancy price or if more people are travelling.

Suggested Extensions:

1. Ranthambhore National Park (2 nights)

2. Udaipur (2 nights)

3. Shimla (3 nights)

Do you have any questions? Do you want to personalize a tour to suit your needs?

Get answers from our experienced travel consultants!

Call or Whatsapp: +91 8287455143

About Kerala - God,s Own Country

Kerala is the most advanced state in India with the highest literacy rate and the lowest birth rate.One of the most memorable experience for the tourist visiting Kerala is the opportunity to enjoy the amazing backwaters of Kerala on a house boat.Alleppey is an important tourist centre in Kerala because of its amazing backwaters.Kerala has a fascinating heritage of art and culture.the cultural festivals, the shrines, churches and mosques, the commercial modes, the farmlands and sea, all different scenes but memorized together to make a unique whole. culture.the cultural festivals, the shrines, churches and mosques, the commercial modes, the farmlands and sea, all different scenes but memorized together to make a unique whole. 

Kerala Cities


Alappuzha




Location

Alappuzha occupies a significant place on the tourist map of Kerala. This water-locked district is washed by the silvery waves of the Arabian Sea. The district headquarters and the main part of Alappuza are situated on the western coastline of India, with the Arabian Sea surrounding its western boundary. Interlocked with a large number of canals and bridges, Alappuzha has an immense untapped potential for backwater tourism. It is a connecting link of Kottayam-Kochi-Kollam backwaters. It is also a major centre of coir and carpet industry.

How to Reach

By air: The nearest airport is Kochi, 64 km north of Alappuzha. The Thiruvananthapuram airport is located 159 km south of Alappuzha.

By road:
 National Highway 47 goes through Alappuzha connecting it with almost all the nearby places of South India.

By waterways:
 Alappuzha also has good waterway links with nearby districts. It is linked by boat and ferry services through the scenic backwaters to Kochi, Kottayam, Kevalam, Changanassery and Chengannur. 

Tourist attractions


Alappuzha Beach: Alappuzha beach is studded with beautiful features like lush garden Vijaya Park and Sea View Park where boat races and other water activities are organized. A century-and-a-half old pier and an ancient towering lighthouse take you back in time.

Backwater Cruises: Another important tourist attraction of Alappuzha is its backwater cruises. The cruise usually starts from Alappuzha and ends at Jetty, encompassing monuments, temples, churches and other attractions located within its premises.
Boat Races: The Alappuzha boat races are world famous and attract people from all corners of the world. Notable among these boat races are Nehru Trophy Boat Race held at Punnamada, the Payippad held near Haripad, the Thiruvandoor, Neerettupuram, Karuvatta and Thaikkoottam held during August-September. The Nehru Cup is the largest snake boat race held in the state. 

Ambalapuzha Temple
: The architecture of this temple represents the typical South Indian architectural style. The paintings of Lord Vishnu adorn the temple walls. The Ambalapuzha Temple is famous for the performances of Pallapina (sorcerers). These performances are held once in twelve years. Arthunkal Church: This church was built by the Portuguese missionaries. Located 22 km from Alappuzha, the church is a popular pilgrimage centre of Christians. Champakulam Church: This church, also known as St. Mary's Church, is among the oldest churches of Kerala. Another unique quality of Champakulam Church is that it was one of the seven built by St. Thomas.

Lighthouse: Alappuzha has one of the oldest lighthouses in Kerala. It is situated about 4 km away from the town. From the top of the lighthouse, one can see the whole Alappuzha beach and some part of Alappuzha town. The lighthouse has now been fitted with modern equipment.

Krishnapuram Palace
: This 18th century palace is located at Kayamkulam, 47 km from Alappuzha, on the way to Kollam. Built during the reign of Marthanda Varma, Krishnapuram Palace is noted for its typical Kerala architecture features like gabled roof, dormer windows and narrow corridors. The mural, called ‘Gajendra Moksha’, kept on the western end of the palace’s ground floor is the largest mural in Kerala. The palace also houses a museum of antique sculptures, paintings and bronze articles.

Kuttanad: Famous for its rice cultivation, Kuttanad is also known as the 'Rice Bowl of Kerala'. It is perhaps the only region where farming is done below sea level. It is very fertile and has a beautiful landscape.

Karumadi: This village is famous for its Karumadi Kuttan, a black granite figure of the Buddha believed to be of the 9th-10th century period. Karumadi village is situated near Ambalapuzha, 14 km from Alappuzha. 
Ambalapuzha’s Sri Krishna Temple: The Sri Krishna Temple at Ambalapuzha, 14 km south of Allapuzha, is a pilgrim centre. Lord Krishna (Kannan) is the presiding deity here. The 'Palpayasam' (a sweet milk porridge) offered to the deity during the temple festival in March/April is a famous sweet preparation of Kerala.

Pathiramanal (Island): A favourite haunt of hundreds of rare migratory birds, Pathiramanal is a small beautiful island in the Vembanad Lake. It lies between Thaneermukkom and Kumarakom. One can reach this island by boat from Kumarakom or Muhamma.

Mannarsala:
 The Sree Nagaraja Temple, an important centre of snake worship in Kerala, is situated at Mannarsala near Haripad, 35 km away from Alappuzha on the Alappuzha-Kollam route. The temple is surrounded by about 16 acres of thick green forest. The King of Serpents is the presiding deity of this temple. On the asterism, 'Ayillam' of each Malayalam month, the 'Sarpakalam Pattu' is conducted. This ritual involves drawing the figure of the Serpent God on the floor using vegetable colours.

Munnar




Location


Munnar is a hill station located at an altitude of 5000 to 8000 feet above sea level. It is situated at the confluence of three mountain streams, namely, Mudrapuzha, Nallathanni and Kundala. Sprawling Tea plantations, picture book towns, winding lanes, and holiday facilities make Munnar a popular resort town. It was also once the summer resort of the erstwhile British rulers in South India.

Munnar has the highest peak in South India -Anamudi, towering over 2695 m. Anamudi is an ideal spot for trekking. The high ranges of Munnar were earlier known as Kannan Devan Hills,named after a certain Kannan Devan, who was a landlord in the Anchanad Valley on the eastern side of the district. The main crops cultivated inMunnar are tea and coffee. Among the exotic flora found in the forests and grasslands in Munar is the Neelakurinji.

The best time to visit Munnar is between the months of October to March. Travellers must avoid the monsoon season while visiting Munnar.

How to Reach

By air: 
The nearest airport at Kochi is 130 km west of Munnar.

By rail:
 The railway station is also at Kochi.

By road:
 Munnar is accessible by road from most towns in Kerala.

Tourist Attractions

Anamudi:
 It is the highest peak (2695 m) south of the Himalayas towering over the sanctuary in majestic pride. The Anamudi slopes abound in all kinds of rare flora and fauna. The Atlas moth, the largest of its kind in the world, is a unique inhabitant of the park. Other rare species of fauna found here are the Nilgiri Langur, the lion-tailed macaque, leopards, tigers etc

Eravikulam National Park: The Eravikulam National Park, spread over 97 sq km, stands out for the stark beauty of its rolling grasslands and shoals in the Rajamalai hills. It also serves as the sanctuary for the endangered mountain goat of South India, the Nilgiri Tahr (Hemitragus hylocrious).

Mattupetty: The Mattupetty dam and lake (reservoir) serve as beautiful picnic spots with the panoramic view of tea plantations and the lake. Boating facilities are available in the reservoir. Mattupetty, situated at a height of 1700 m above the sea level, is also famous for its highly specialized Indo-Swisss livestock project. The Sholaforests in and around Mattupetty are ideal for trekking and serve as habitat for a variety of birds. Rivulets and cascades crisscrossing the terrain add to the attraction of Mattupetty.

Rajamalai Hills: Rajamala Hills are the natural habitat of the endangered mountain goat of South India, Nilgiri Tahr. Half of the world population of this rare mountain goat is found here.

Echo Point: One can experience a natural echo phenomenon at the Echo Point which offers beautiful panoramic views. 

Kannur




Location

Kannur figures among important towns on the Kerala coast. It was the capital of the Kothagiri kings for many centuries. In ancient Kerala also Kannur was a favourite destination of foreign travellers from Europe, China and Arab countries. In his book of travels, Marco Polo, recounting his visit to the area in 1250 A.D, refers Cannanore as a great Emporia of spice trade. In the ‘Periplus of the Erithrean Sea,’ a Greek work of great antiquity, Kannur finds mention as 'Naura'. Other famous visitors included Fahian, the Buddhist pilgrim, and Ibn Batuta, writer and historian of Tangiers.

Tourist Attractions


Fort St. Angelos: This fort, located in the West of Kannur town, was built in 1505 by the first Portuguese Viceroy, Don Francisco De Almeida with the permission of the Kolathiris, on the promontory jutting into the Lakshadweep sea. The Dutch captured the fort in 1663 and sold it to the Ali Raja of Kannur in 1772, and in 1790 it came into the possession of the British. The British rebuilt it and made it their most important station in Malabar. This fort is in a fairly good state of preservation though some parts of it have collapsed. A few ancient cannons are on display inside the fort. The fort, a protected monument, is taken care of by the Archaeological Survey of India.

Snake Park at Parassinikadavu: This park is dedicated to the preservation and conservation of snakes that are facing extinction. Situated 18 km away from Kannur town, it is home to a large collection of poisonous and non-poisonous snakes. Snake demonstrations conducted here every hour draw large crowds of tourists.

Payyambalam Beach: A local picnic spot, this long secluded beach is situated around 2 km from Kannur town. It has a well laid out garden and a massive sculpture of mother and child erected by famous sculptor Kanayi Kunchiraman. Thalassery Fort: The British arrived in Thalassery in 1683 and erected a trading shed here. Later they shifted their commercial capital to Thalassery from Kozhikode following obstruction from the Dutch. In 1700, the British built the Thalassery Fort on a small hill called Tiruvellapadakunnu and in 1708, it was strengthened by increasing its height and with bastions. This fort is a square structure built of laterite. It is distinguished by its massive ventilated walls and strong flanking bastions. It was here that Haider's captain was imprisoned. The famous St. John’s Anglican Church, situated behind this fort, is another tourist attraction in Kannur.

Valapattanam: This small town, located 7 km from Kannur, lies on the banks of the Valapattanam river. Also known as Baliapattom, it is famous for its wood-based industries and timber trade. The Azhikkal port and Azhikkal beach are located nearby. The Western India Plywoods Limited, the largest wood-based industry in the country and one of the largest in South East Asia, is a major industrial concern here.

Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary: It is a tranquil sanctuary on the slopes of the Western Ghats covered with tropical and semi evergreen forests. Situated 35 km from Thalassery, the sanctuary is home to herds of deer, elephants, boar and bisons. Leopards, jungle cats, various types of squirrels and rare species of birds are also found here. Around 160 species of birds,including some species considered extinct, can be seen here.

Ezhimala: Situated 55 km from Kannur, Ezhimala has a beautiful beach with a hillock nearby (286 m high). Carved stone pillars and an ancient burial chamber can be seen at the foot of the hillock. The Ezhimala hills are noted for rare medicinal herbs with mythological significance. The beach sand is of a differenttexture and the sea is bluer than in other areas. At the Ettikulam bay one could enjoy watching dolphins. A Naval Academy is being developed here. Permission is required for entry.

Pazhassi Dam: The Pazhassii Dam and reservoir present an awesome scenic beauty. Located 37 km east of Kannur near Mattanur, the site is an ideal retreat for tourists. One can cruise down the river in DTPC boats often crossing small islands inhabited only by birds. An added attraction is the amusement park. The Buddha’s mountain at Pazhassi and the sculpture of Pazhassi King are interesting places to visit. Accommodation is available at the Project Inspection Bungalow and its dormitories.

Madayi Para: It is situated 25 km from Kannur. The Madayi Kavu Temple, the Vadukunnu Temple and the 12th century mosque (1124 A.D) built by Muslim preacher Malik Bin Dinar with white marble imported from Arabia are the major attractions here. There is also a dilapidated fort at Madayi which is believed to have been built by Tipu Sultan of Mysore. The view from the fort is fascinating.

Parassinikadavu: Parassinikadavu is famous for its Snake Park and the Sri Muthappan temple. It is the only place where the ritualistic dance Theyyam is performed round the year. Sri Muthappan Temple, standing on the banks of the Valapattanam river, is the pilgrim centre famous for the 'Muthappan Theyyam' performed every morning and evening. The best time to visit the temple is between 5 and 8 am or 6.30 and 8.30 pm when the pooja is held and the Theyyam performed. Non-Hindus also can watch the Theyyam performance. The DTPC provides boating service on the river near the temple, a pleasure trip amidst surrounding lush greenery and the river opening up to the sea ahead. Accommodation is available nearby. The Snake Park here has three snake pits, fifteen glass cases for snakes and two large glass houses for King Cobras. Snake demonstrations conducted every hour draw large crowds of visitors. There are frequent bus services from Kannur to Parassinikadavu.

Gundert Bungalow: In this bungalow lived revered German missionary, scholar and lexicographer Dr. Herman Gundert for 20 years from 1839. It is situated 20 km from Kannur, near Thalasseri town, on the National Highway at Illikunnu hill. It was here that one of the first Malayalam dictionaries and the first Malayalam Newspaper - 'Paschimodayam' - took shape. Dr. Herman Gundert has also written 18 books in Malayalam including a grammar book. The Gundert's Bungalow today houses part of the Nettur Technical Training Foundation, an institution started by the Swiss Foundation.

Kottiyoor:
 This place, 60 km away from Kannur town, is famous for its Siva Temple situated on the banks of the Bavali river. Thousands of devotees attend the temple’s annual 27-day festival during May-June.

Malayala Kalagramam: This renowned centre for arts and culture is situated at New Mahe, 29 km from Kannur. It conducts courses in painting, sculpture, music, dance and pottery.

Pythal Mala: This enchanting hill station, located 65 km from Kannur town, is at 4500 ft. above the sea level near the Kerala-Karnataka border. It is rich in flora and fauna. It takes 6-km trek to reach the top of the hill.

Thodikalam Siva Temple: This temple, located 34 km southeast of Kannur, is is famous for its mural paintings. Believed to have been built 2000 years ago, the temple was closely connected with the Pazhassi Raja family of Kottayam (Thalasseri taluk).

Dharmadam Island: This small five-acre island, 100 metres away from the mainland, is covered with coconut palms and dense bushes. Surrounded by rivers and seas, it presents a beautiful sight from the Muzhappilangad beach. During low tide, one can just walk to the island from the beach. Permission is required to enter this privately owned island. Dharmadam, earlier known as Dharmapattanam, was a Buddhist stronghold. 

Kochi




Location

Kochi figures among India’s major seaports. The second largest city of Kerala, Kochi is also known as the Queen of the Arabian Sea. It is set in the midst of an island-studded harbour in Ernakulam district. Ernakulam itself is a modern bustling town. Considered Kerala’s most cosmopolitan city, Kochi is the State’s commercial capital. A Jewish community living here with roots going back to 1000 AD and a 16th century synagogue are testimony to the land's diversity

.Located on the Arabian Sea coast, Kochi has Kottayam and Alappuzha districts in the South, Idukki on the East and Thrissur on the North. It serves as a commercial hub for merchants dealing in cashew nuts, coir, seafood, timber, tea, coffee, rubber and spices. The spice trade here gives Kerela its nickname ‘The Spice Coast’.

How to Reach

By air: An excellent air network connects Kochi to all major cities in India.

By rail: 
Kochi has three main railway stations, namely, Ernakulam Junction, Ernakulam Town and Harbour Terminus on the Willingdon Island.

By road: 
Kochi is connected by road with several tourist centres in India.

Tourist attractions

Mattancherry Palace: This palace, also known as the Dutch Palace, was built by the Portuguese and gifted to the Raja of Cochin, Vira Keralavarma. A good catch for tourists visiting Kochi, the place exhibits beautiful mural paintings that depict the scenes from the epic Ramayana. Some contributions were later on made by the Dutch in the palace.

Fort Kochi: This place, inhabited by the Anglo-Indian community, presents an aura and ambience of unique Eurasian culture. The dwelling places built by the British traders and the colleges established by the Dutch here are worth visiting. Fort Kochi boasts of two art galleries with good collections and its St. Francis Church is a wonderful attraction. Vasco da Gama was believed to have been originally buried here and later on shifted to Portugal.

Ernakulam: Ernakulam, developed as a modern city, features a commercial centre. It has museums, popular worshipping places, great eating places. The elephant procession taken out during festivals is a wonderful event, filled with great fun and excitement. 

Santa Cruz Basilica Church:
 This Roman Catholic church, built in 1503 and situated near the St. Francis Church, is a specimen of the Portuguese architecture. Frescoes and mural paintings decorate its ceiling and interior parts. The Gothic architecture and the lofty spires give it a unique grandeur.

Bolghatty Island: This island has Bolghatty Palace, built by the Dutch in 1744. Later it became the seat of the British Resident of Cochin. Today it is a hotel run by the KTDC. The palace has a small golf course and several vantage points for lovely views of the harbour and the sea.

Willington Island: 
Named after the former Viceroy of India Lord Willington, this island is connected to the mainland by road-cum-railway Venduruthy Bridge. It is a manmade island created from the materials dredged while deepening the Cochin Port. The Willington Island boasts of some of the district’s best hotels, trading and industrial offices. The major establishments set up here include airport, shipbuilding yard, wharf, the Southern Naval Command Headquarters, the Customs House and the Cochin Chamber of Commerce and Industry, and the Government of India Tourist Information office. The branches of national and international banks, travel agency offices, souvenir shops, and warehouses can also be found here.

Thattekad Bird Sanctuary: A boat cruise from Bhoothathankettu to the Thattekad Bird Sanctuary is an unforgettable experience through evergreen forests that are home to migratory and indigenous birds. . Thattekad is also accessible from Kothamangalam (20 km). Though recently established, Thattekad has secured an important place among major bird sanctuaries in South India. The birds commonly seen here are Malabar grey horn bill, Great Indian horn bill, grey jungle fowl, heron egret, parakeet and numerous other rare species

Pareekshit Thampuran Museum: Located adjacent to the Shiva temple on Durbar Hall Road in Ernakulam, this archeological museum features collections of the 19th century paintings, pre-historic monuments, a numismatic gallery, scriptures in stone and plaster of Paris, copies of mural paintings and collections from the Cochin royal family. Earlier it was known as the Durbar Hall of Cochin Rajas, where royal guests were welcomed, and royal ceremonies and meetings were held. Now under the State Archaeological Department, it has been named after Rama Varma Pareekshit Thampuran, the Cochin royal family’s last ruler.

Hill Palace Museum: This is the largest archeological museum of Kerala. Located at 13 km from Kochi on the Ernakulam - Chottanikkara route, the Hill Palace Museum displays the erstwhile wealth and prosperity of the royal family of Cochin, including the King’s throne and crown. Paintings, carvings, etchings are displayed in the museum apart from other trappings of royalty like majestic beds ,weapons and samples of epigraphy. 

Kochi Boat Rides
:The city face a broad expanse of backwaters studded with palm-flanged islets. It’s a delight to take a boat ride through all the islands in Kochi.

Chinese Fishing Nets: These nets symbolize the legacy of trading connections between China and India many centuries ago. The long rows of Chinese Nets silhouetted against the sunset present a spectacular sight of Kochi's waterfront. These are large nets hanging from bamboo or teak posts, and still being used by the local fishermen of Fort Cochin.

Kalady: Kalady is the birthplace of Adi Sankaracharaya, the great Indian philosopher who lived in the 8th century. Located on the banks of the Periyar river, 45 km from Kochi, Malady has are two shrines in thememory of Sree Sankaracharaya. One dedicated to him as DakshinaMoorthi and the other to the Goddess Sharada. AdiSankara's shrine inKalady is open to all pilgrims irrespective of religion and caste. The spot were Adi Shankara's mother was cremated is called Vrindavan. Nearby is an old Krishna temple, the family temple of Sankaracharaya. Another temple, known as Sri Ramakrishna International Temple, was built in 1976 with the hope that it would ultimately become a temple for all religions and an abode of peace.

Malayattoor Church: This church is on a located on a small hillock, 53 km from Kochi and 8 km from Kalady. St. Thomas is believed to have prayed at this shrine. It attracts thousands of devotees during an its annual festival, Malayattoor Perunnal, in March/April. 

Kozhicode




Location

Once the capital of the Samuthiri ruler, Kozhicode was the most important region of Malabar in northern Kerala in the bygone era. Today, ancient monuments, serene beaches, historic sites, wildlife sanctuaries, rivers, hills, a unique culture, and warm and friendly ambience make Kozhicode a much sought-after tourist destination. Kozhicode is sandwiched between the districts of Kannur and Malappuram. The town a typical a coastal region with the Arabian Sea stretching out to its east.

How to Reach

By air: The nearby airport is located some 23 km from the town. It receives flights from Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore and various Middle East countries.

By rail: Kozhikode also has rail links with some major cities of India.

By road: Regular bus services to Kozhikode are available from the neighboring districts and cities.

Tourist attractions

Pazhassirajah Museum: This museum, situated 5 km from Kozhikode, exhibits copies of ancient mural paintings, antique bronzes, old coins and models of temples and megalithic monuments. The next door to the museum is the Art Gallery which has an excellent collection of paintings by Indian artists and wood and ivory carvings. Also nearby is Krishna Menon Museum.

Art Gallery: The Art Gallery near the Pazhassirajah Museum has an excellent collection of paintings of Raja Ravi Varma and Raja Raja Varma.

Krishna Menon Museum: This museum near the Pazhassirajah Museum is dedicated to late V K Krishna Menon, the former Defence Minister and national leader of India. His personal belongings and souvenirs are displayed here.

Kirtads: This unique museum houses the tools and devices used by the ancient tribal communities of Kerala. A good library with books on anthropology and sociology is an added attraction.

Kappad: This historic beach, located 16 km from Kozhikode, is the place where Vasco De Gama landed on May 27, 1498. A monument on the beach commemorates the event. The beach promontory is a very beautiful place providing great view of the stretched out sea. A 13th century temple stands on the rocks that reach out for the sea.

Kozhikode Beach: The Kozhikode beach is a fun beach dotted with a number of attractions. It is also the place from where on can view some astonishing sunsets. Among the beach attractions are two old piers and a lighthouse. The nearby Lions Park and aquarium are additional features.

Beypore: It is a harbour, situated on the Chaliyar river, some 10 km south of Kozhikode. This old port is home to a community that has been building vessels for more than 1500 years. The tradition of building vessels is still alive in the region. Since ancient times, the Beypore port has been a favourite trade center of several Arab countries.

Velliyamkallu: The massive rock on the shores is one place that navigators were often afraid of. Once this rock served as a vantage point from where Marakkars launched attacks on the invading Portuguese. On one occasion an entire crew of a Portuguese vessel was killed here.

Kadalundi Bird Sanctuary: This bird sanctuary, located 25 km from the city, is home to hundreds of bird species including terns, sea gulls, herons, sandpipers, etc.

Planetarium: The daily shows at the Kozhikode Planetarium, located at Jaffarkhan colony, focus on the mysteries of the universe, planets and galaxies. Show timings: 12 o'clock, 2 p.m., 4 p.m. and 6 p.m. 

Kollam




Location

Kollam is a small and beautiful town situated on the Ashtamudi Lake, some 71 km from Kerala’s capital Thiruvananthapuram. It is sandwiched between Ashtamudi Lake and the Lakeshwadeep Sea. Lying towards the south of the state, Kollam shares its eastern borders with the state of Tamil Nadu. On the northern side, it is bounded by Pathanamthitta, on the southern side by Thiruvananthapuram and towards its west lies the stretched out Lakshadweep sea.
Kollam is gifted with the natural features - sea, lakes, plains, mountains, rivers, streams, backwaters, forest, vast green fields and tropical crop of every variety both food crop and cash crop. It is also throbbing with industrial activity. The country's cashew trading and processing industry is located in Kollam. It is also an important hub for Kerala’s marine products industry, with the port of Neendakara being the centre for trawlersand ice plants.

How to Reach

By air: The nearest airport at Thiruvananthapuram is 72 km away.

By rail
: Kollam is connected by rail with several important cities.

By road: 
Kollam is connected by road with many tourist centres in India. 

Tourist Attractions

Ashtamudi Lake: A great place to hang around, the serene Ashtamudi Lake is famous for its house boat trips and boat cruises. The boat cruise to Munroe Islands is a wonderful experience. Other popular cruises are Kayal Pradkashina Cruise and Sayanthanam Sunset Cruise. Chavara: Situated 14 km north of Kollam on the Kollam-Alappuzha road, Chavara is famous for its mineral sand and mineral industries. Thousands of tonnes of mineral sand are exported from here. The Koilthottam port is situated within the limits of Chavara panchayat. Four major industrial establishments - Indian Rare Earths, Kerala Premopipe Factory, Kerala Minerals and Metals and Titanium complex - are located at Chavara. The Kottamkulangara temple of Chavara is famous for its annual (March-April) festival Thalappoli Mahotsavom - offerings of lighted lamps in decorated small pans. An interesting feature of the festival is that the men dress as women and carry lamps.

Quilon: The Dutch Quilon as it was called used to be a British Enclave. The place is also popular as Thangasseri. The 144-foot lighthouse built at Quilon by the British in 1902 is visible as far as 13 miles into the sea. The picturesque view of the seafrom the place where lighthouse stands is breathtaking. In the vicinity lies the Portuguese Fort built in 1517. Today only a wall represents the fort that has been ravaged by the time.

Punalur: About 10 km south of Kollam town, Mayyanad is famous for its nine temples, the most important being the Subramanya Temple at Umayanallor. The temple is said to have been consecrated by the great Hindu philosopher Sree Sankaracharya.

Sasthamcotta: This small town, located about 19 km from Kollam, is a very beautiful place and an acknowledged picnic spot. The fresh water lake at Sasthamcotta is one of the largest in Kerala.

Thirumullavaram Beach: This secluded beach, 6 km north of Kollam town, is a beautiful picnic center, ideal for swimming or bathing in the sun. It is connected to Kollam town by bus. 

Kumarakom




Location

Kumarakom is a cluster of tiny islands on the Vembanad Lake, located 14 km from Kottayam. Kumarakom’s salubrious climate, lush greenery and the all-pervading presence of water cast a mesmerizing effect on the visitor. Kumarakom is part of Kuttanad, the 'granary of Kerala', that falls in the Alappuzha district. Alappuzha itself is described as the 'Venice of the East'. Kumarakom offers excellent tourist attractions like boating, fishing and sightseeing. The bird sanctuary in Kumarakom is spread across 14 acres is a favourite haunt of migratory birds and an ornithologist's paradise.

How to Reach

By air: The nearest airport is the Cochin International Airport 70 km away from the Muhamma boat jetty.

By rail: 
The nearest railway station is at Kottayam and regular local and express trains connect the city with the rest of India.

By road: Kottayam is 14 km from Kumarakom. Both the State and National Highways link Kumarakom with the rest of the country.

Tourist Attractions

Bird Sanctuary: This 14-acre bird sanctuary is situated on the eastern bank of the Vembanad Lake. Indigenous and migratory birds nest and spend happy summers here. A treat to watch here are egrets, darters, herons, teal, waterfowl, cuckoo, wild duck and migratory birds like the Siberian stork. The best way to watch the birds of the Kumarakom sanctuary is a boat trip round the islands.

Backwater Cruise: While at Kumarakom, the boat races, houseboat cruise, canoeing and fishing are something not to be missed. A stay at the houseboat, called Kettuvallom, is unique experience. You will feel touched by the scintillating beauty of nature and the simplicity of the people at Kumarakom.

Aruvikkuzhi Waterfalls: 
These waterfalls located in the vicinity of Kumarakom are some 18 km from Kottayam town. The water cascades down a mountain about 100 ft.

Thekkady


Location

Thekkady, located in the Iddukki district of Kerala, is a wonderful tourist place featuring hill stations, plantations and wildlife sanctuaries. Situated about 60 km from central Idukki, Thekkady lies towards the lower end of the state, close to the border of the state of Tamil Nadu. It has the pride of Kerala and a testimony to nature's splendour and human innovation, the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, that is situated on the banks of the artificial Periyar lake.

The best time to visit Thekkady is between the months of September to March.

How to Reach

By air: The nearest airport is at Kochi about 190 km away.

By rail: The nearest railways stations are at Kottayam and Ernakulam.

Tourist Attractions


Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary: The Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, spread over 777 square km, is a famous wildlife reserve and one of the largest in India. The Periyar Lake, an artificial reservoir, is the cynosure at the reserve. Dense forests, open fields and waterways dot the sanctuary. Here the high ranges of the Western Ghats are clothed in dense evergreen, moist deciduous forests and savannah grass lands. Below this thick green canopy roam herds of elephants, sambars, tigers, gaurs, lion-tailed macaques, Nilgiri langurs, leopards, wild boars, bears, wild dogs, bison, gaurs, flying squirrels, civets and snake species.

Periyar Lake: The Periyar Lake lies within the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary. The boat cruise in the Periyar Lake is one thing you shouldn't miss while visiting Thekkady. The boat cruises often have encounters with elephant herds crossing the lake, gaurs, bison, wild boars and many other species.

Kumily: This small plantation town, about four km from Thekkady, supports plantations including pepper, cardamom, cinnamon, cloves, tea and coffee. It is also a famous shopping centre.

Nature and Bird Watching Treks: The Nature Treks and Bird Watching Treks started by the Forest Department at the Periyar Sanctuary are wonderful exercises amidst the rich bio-diversity of the park. The guides for these treks are trained local tribes men who know the place well. The Pandikuzhi area, some five km from Thekkady, also offers great trekking experiences.

Thrissur




Location

Thrissur is termed as the beautiful cultural capital of Kerala and a land of colourful festivals. It lies on the west end of Palakkad gap through the low pass between the Nilgiris and the Palani hills. The word Thrissur is a combination of three words 'Tiru-Siva-Perur' that is the town with the name of Lord Siva. The most important feature of this city is the Vadakkunath Kshetram (temple) where the reigning deity is Lord Siva. The temple is also famous for its annual (April-May) Pooram festival.Tourist attractions in Thrissur lie in its old temples, cultural centres for paintings, dances and literature and splendid festivals.

How to Reach

By air: The nearest airport Nedumbassery is only 58 km away from the town. Another nearby airport is Kochi.

By rail
: Several important trains connect Thrissur with other places in Kerala and other neighboring states.

By road: An extensive road network links the city to many significant places in southern India.

Tourist Attractions

Vadakkunath Kshetram (Temple): One of the oldest temples in Kerala, the Vadakumnatha temple is a classical example of the Kerala style of architecture. It has many decorative murals and art pieces. Also known as the Rishabhari or Thenkailasam (the Kailash of the south), the temple sits atop a hill at the centre of Thrissur. It is the venue of the world-famous Pooram festival celebrated annually in April -May. Non-Hindus are not permitted inside the temple except during the Pooram festival.

Athirapally: 
Located at the entrance to the Sholayar ranges 63 km from Thrissur, this 80-foot-high waterfall is a popular picnic spot.

Guruvayoor Temple: This is one of the most sacred pilgrimage centers in the state. Located 29 km from Thrissur, the Guruvayoor Temple has Lord Krishna as its presiding deity. Legend has it that Guru, the preceptor of Gods, and Vayu, the God of wind, created this temple.

Zoo: It is situated near the Art Museum. Spread over 13.5 acres of cool green, flowered area, the zoo is home to a variety of fauna such as the endangered lion-tailed macaque, tiger, lion, sloth bear, several species of deer and many birds. It is reputed for one of the best reptile collections in India. Its snake park has the reptilian collection of the king cobra, pythons, kraits, vipers, rat snakes etc. The zoo also has an aquarium near the Nehru Park.

Punnathur Kotta Elephant Sanctuary: This is the largest elephant park in the world. Elephant races and feasts for elephant are unique features here. Thrissur Festival: The most spectacular festival in the region, held in Thrissur, is one of the major tourist attractions. During this annual (April/May) festival, the caparisoned elephants from neighboring temples walk in an elaborate procession to the complex of Vadakkumnathan Temple. Dazzling fireworks are conducted throughout the night.

Shakthan Thampuran Palace: Also known as the Palace Thoppu, its campus covers an area of 6 acres. Here you can see three shavakudeerams (tombs) including that of the renowned Shakthan Thampuran.

Peechi Dam Wildlife Sanctuary: The Peechy Dam is a beautiful picnic spot located 23 km from Thrissur. Its reservoir has boating facilities. It is surrounded by tea and eucalyptus plantations. Sometimes elephants and wild dogs can be seen roaming in the forest here. The sanctuary has a large variety of orchids. Several buses are available from Thrissur to Peechy. Accommodation is also available.

Anakkayam: It is located roughly 20 km from Chalakudy on the Sholayar Peringalkuthu route. Famous for its lake with cool and placid water, the place got its name from a herd of elephants which used to visit it quite often. The place is breathtakingly beautiful with its rushing waters, chiseled rocks and silent streams.

Vazhachal: Just a short drive from Athirapally, this picturesque waterfall is close to dense green forests and is part of the Chalakudy river. Located about 68 km from Thrissur, Athirapally and Vazhachal are the most famous waterfalls of Kerala and favourite destinations of tourists. 

Thiruvananthapuram




Location



Thiruvananthapuram is the capital of Kerala. Lying on the southwest coast of India, Thiruvananthapuram is an ancient city dating back to 1000 BC. Its name is a combination of three words - ‘Tiru Ananta Puram’ - that means the abode of the sacred serpent Ananta, upon whose coils Vishnu lies in the main temple. Although no records of the antiquity of the temple exist, the temple nevertheless is believed to be several thousands years old. Thiruvananthapuram shot into prominence in the 18th century when the capital of the then Travancore State was shifted here from Padmanabhapuram, a little down south. The erstwhile Travancore kings, taking on the title of Padmanabhadas (servant of the Lord), had dedicated themselves completely to the service of the Lord residing in the temple here. Their belief was that the deity owned the kingdom and the king is the mere executor of the Lord’s trust. After the Independence, the city was designated as the capital of Kerala.

How to Reach By air:

The Thiruvananthapuram International Airport is about 6 km from the city.

By rail
: Thiruvananthapuram has direct trains to all the main towns in Kerala as well as the major cities in India.

By road:
 Thiruvananthapuram is well connected to all towns and cities.

Tourist Attractions

Sree Padmanabha Swamy Temple: The imposing seven-storey tower of this temple makes it the most impressive landmark in the city. The temple is an excellent example of the Dravidian style of architecture. There are innumerable pillars, intricate carvings, and mural paintings.

Veli Lagoon (Tourist Village): It is a beautiful waterfront park that serves as an ideal picnic spot where the lake merges with the sea. The tourist village also has a wading pool, gardens, exquisite sculptures, a floating bridge and a wide range of aqua sports facilities

Government Art Museum: This museum was formerly known as the Napier Museum named after a former Madras Governor General, John Napier. It is a gem of architectural exuberance, combining traditional Kerala styles and good doses of Chinese and Mughal influences.

Sree Chithra Art Gallery: This gallery has a rich collection of paintings of Raja Ravi Varma and Roerich. It also has copies of paintings of the Ajanta, Rajput, Mughal and Tanjore Schools besides some works from China, Japan, Tibet and Bali.

Zoo: The zoo here is one of the best maintained in the whole of Asia. It has beautiful sprawling lawns.

Observatory: The Observatory is situated 60 m above the sea level on a hill near the Art Museum. One of the oldest in India, it has a well laid out garden in front of the hill, with a beautiful rose collection.

Shanghumugham Beach: This popular beach is adjacent to the airport. Among its notable facilities are an indoor recreation club, children's traffic training park and a star-shaped restaurant.

Science and Technology Museum: Located near the Mascot Hotel, the museum is of high educative value for the students of science and technology. 

Kowdiar Palace: This home of the late Maharaja Sree Chithira Thirunal Bala Rama Varma and his family is off limits to visitors but you can have a glimpse of it from the main gate. If a friendly guard is on duty, he will let you walk a bit inside the grounds where you can get a view of the grand old building at the end of its long drive.

Peppara Wild Life Sanctuary: One can reach the Peppara sanctuary, 50km from Thiruvananthapuram, from Vithurai on the Thiruvananthapuram-Ponmudi road. Spread over an area of 53 sq km on the Western Ghats, this sanctuary with its rich fauna and birds is emerging as a big attraction for wildlife enthusiasts. It is dotted with large hills and numerous hillocks with forests and eucalyptus plantations. Elephants, sambars, leopards and lion-tailed macaques are commonly seen here.

Ponmudi: An ideal hill resort situated just 54 km from Thiruvananthapuram, Ponmudioffers best accommodation and restaurant facilities.

Padmanabhapuram Palace: Once the capital of the State of Travancore, this palace is 51 km from the city on the way to Nagarcoil (Tamil Nadu). The palace contains 17th and 18th century murals.

Neyyar Dam: This dam, 29km from Thiruvananthapuram, serves as a picnic spot. It has facilities for boating at its reservoir. There is a lion safari park and crocodile farm nearby.

Aruvikkara: Located 16 km north of Thiruvananthapuram, this place is gifted with lavish scenic beauty. It has an ancient temple dedicated to Goddess Durga on the banks of the river.

Akkulam Boat Club: It is a popular retreat for the city dwellers. Located 9 km away from Thiruvanathapuram, the lake has boating facilities and has the largest children's park in Kerala.

Thiruvallam: The place has Lord Parasuraman's temple and Chithranjali, the State Film Development Corporation's studio. Thiruvallam lies on the Thiruvananthapuram-Kovalam route,10 km from Thiruvananthapuram.

Vizhinjam: Lying just 15 km from Thiruvananthapuram, this historic spot remained unnoticed for a long time. It was the capital of Ay-Vel kings of the 8th-9th century. The only thing here that withstood the time is a rock temple assigned to the period of the Cheras because of a strong influence of the Pallava Pandya architecture. The rock temple is a protected monument under the care of the Archeological Survey of India. It is located just a little off the main junction. 

JIM CORBETT NATIONAL PARK – LAND OF ROARS, TRUMPETS AND SONGS

Jim Corbett National Park

Feel The Magic Of The Place Which Could Turn A Famous Hunter Into A Great Conservationist – ‘Sir Jim Corbett’

Corbett National Park has captured the imagination of many with its diverse wildlife and breathtaking landscapes. The natural uniqueness of the area was recognised long ago and so in 1936 Corbett attained the distinction as the first national park to be established in mainland Asia. 

Tiger, Corbett National ParkCorbett National Park lies in two districts – Nainital and Pauri – in the hill state of Uttaranchal in northern India. It covers an area of 521 sq. km and together with the neighbouring Sonanadi Wildlife Sanctuary and Reserve Forest areas, forms theCorbett Tiger Reserve over 1288 sq. km. 

Its geographical location between the Himalayas and the terai, and the streams, rivers and ridges crisscrossing the terrain, present Corbett with a remarkable variety of landscapes. This vivid mosaic of habitats – wet and dry, plain and mountainous, gentle and rugged, forests and grasslands – supports numerous plant and animal species, representing Himalayan as well as plains kinds. The most famous of Corbett’s wild residents are the Bengal Tiger and the Asiatic Elephant, but with about 600 species of avifauna Corbett is one of the richest bird regions of India. 


Habitats and Ecosystems 


The matrix of diverse geological features of Corbett has given rise to an equally varied set of communities of life forms that live in them. Such habitats, along with their resident flora and fauna, form distinct ecosystems that are recognizable when you travel through Corbett. 

 Mountains 
 Mountains are different from other landforms because they have an unusual variation in altitude, relief, temperature, slope and the amount of sunlight received. Therefore, there is great diversity in mountain habitats and mountain plant and animal communities have unique characteristics. However, mountain ecosystems are also delicate and unstable. Owing to the thinness of soil and the high propensity to erosion deforestation degrades mountains much swiftly and more irreversibly than other areas. 

Sal Forests 
Sal (Shorea rubusta) is a handsome tree that grows up to 35 m tall and has a majestic, shining foliage. Sal is the main tree species of Corbett and often grows as dense forest. Sal forests represent tropical monsoon type of climate that occur in areas with 100-200 cm rainfall annually and grow at 200-1200 m above sea level. 
These sal forests forms an important wildlife habitat throughout northern and central India. Being tall and robust sal trees allow several layers of vegetation to grow under or alongside them. Hence the sal forest ecosystem has a wide variety of trees, shrubs, herbs, climbers, fungi, lichens and mosses. Naturally, the life of many mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians is linked to sal forests directly or indirectly – for food or shelter. 

Khair & sissoo forests 
 Bijrani Forest, Corbett National Park Even though the sal forests dominate the Corbett landscape, there occur another distinct ecosystem near rivers and streams. This consists of Khair (Acacia catechu) and Shisham or Sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo) trees which grow on sandy, gravelly areas all along the Ramganga and other streams. 
 Khair and Sissoo are the first trees to come up on freshly exposed ground and newly deposited alluvium. They have special nodules on their roots that add nitrogen to the soil and improve fertility. Once khair-sissoo are established, they improve soil, add nutrients and control temperature and winds, and thus help more advanced vegetation to grow. The climax of this gradual process is the formation of sal forests and takes many decades, even centuries to culminate. Khair-sissoo forests provide shade and cover to large mammalians like sambar deer and also tiger and leopard. They also provide roosts and nesting places for birds. 
These forests are found on sandy, gravelly areas all along the Ramganga and other streams, and are quite visible near Dhikala, Phulai, Patairpani and on Kanda road. 
Chaurs 
Probably the most unique vegetation habitat of Corbett is the chaur, a local name for extensive savannah grasslands
Chaurs are manmade clearings that were once used for agriculture but presently form a rich growth of various species of medium to tall grasses. These areas are favoured by elephants and deer and provide shelter to many grassland birds e.g. partridges. The presence of deer attracts tigers to chaurs. Hence, they are the best places to look for tigers. 
Since chaurs form vital wildlife habitat, their maintenance is an important activity undertaken by the Park authorities. This is done during winter by a careful exercise of artificial burning. This induces a fresh growth of grasses that deer and other grazers feed upon. 
 The major chaurs of Corbett occur mainly in the Patli Dun area of the Park. The most important ones are: Dhikala, Phulai, Khinanauli, Paterpani, Mohanpani, Bijrani and Bhadhai. Another noted chaur Boxar, now lies submerged under the Ramganga reservoir.

Rivers and Streams 
The Ramganga and its tributaries, and the numerous sots form an important segment of the Corbett habitat. Besides providing water they form home to many plant and animal communities. Many species of fish live in the perennial waters of the Ramganga and its tributaries. The most celebrated among them is the mahseer, with other known ones being the goonch, and several species of carps and loaches. These fish form an important food resource to many other animals higher up in the food chain. 
Mahseer Fish, Corbett National ParkAmong fish feeders are otters that live on riverbanks and hunt fish in the Ramganga, Palain, Mandal and Sonanadi. Fish is also the staple diet for the endangered Gharials, crocodilians that are specialised fish-eaters. They live in deep, fast-flowing waters of the Ramganga. Another crocodile, the mugger inhabits still waters of the Ramganga reservoir. Corbett’s rivers attract specialist birds of prey like Pallas’ Fish Eagle and the rare Tawny Fish-owl. Other water dependent birds like kingfishers, cormorants, storks, terns, shanks, sandpipers, dippers, forktails etc. also frequent the Park’s rivers. During winters many long-distance migrant birds throng the Ramganga reservoir. These are mainly storks, herons, sandpipers, plovers, waterfowl (ducks and geese) and ospreys.


THE PARK PROFILE 

IUCN Class    :   II
State               :   Uttaranchal
District            :   Nainital 165.76 Sq. Km. Pauri
Garhwal 355.06 Sq. Km.
Area               :   Corbett National Park 520.82 Sq. Km.
Sonanadi Wildlife Sanctuary  301.18 Sq. Km.
Reserve Forest  466.32 Sq. Km.
Total                :   1288.32. Sq. Km.
Year of Notification : 1935-36
Location        :   In the Himalayan foothills (Bhabar
tract) in Nainital & Pauri Garhwal
districts of Uttaranchal State Special 
Status              :   1st Tiger Reserve, 1st
National Park of India.
Topography   :   Shivalik foot hills.
Altitude          :   400 mt - 1200 mt.
Longitude      :   78033'E-78046'E.
Latitude          :   29013'N-29035'N.
Climate          :   (Temp. in 0C)
Max.      Min.
Nov.-Feb.       250 - 300               40 - 80
Mar.-Apr.       350 - 400               90 - 130
May-Jun         440 - 460               190 - 220
Climate : Summers (March to June) are warm. During monsoon (June-October) the park remains closed. Winter (Nov. to Feb.) is the best time to pay a visit to the park with cool to moderately cold temperatures.


FAUNA
 
Tiger 

Tiger,Corbett National ParkThe tiger (Panthera tigris) is perhaps the most celebrated of the wild animals of India. It symbolises the power of Nature and finds an important place in our culture, mythology and legends. It has been worshiped as the guardian and ruler of the forest. 
The tiger has always had a close association Corbett National Park – earlier through the writings of Jim Corbett and other shikaris and later because of the launch of Project Tiger, India’s tiger conservation programme, initiated from the Park’s soil on 1st April 1973.   
The tiger is an indicator of a healthy wilderness ecosystem. If the tiger is protected, our forests will also live. And forests mean good air and plenty of freshwater, both of which affect our own survival. 

The Asian Elephant 
The elephant, largest of the land mammals, has been an integral part of the history, mythology, tradition, culture and religion of India. 

Asian elephants live in a variety of habitats. They prefer a combination of grassland, shrubbery, and forest. 
Corbett Tiger Reserve has about 700 Asian elephants. They are part of the migratory population that also lives in Rajaji National Park. Earlier, there were much fewer elephants in Corbett but their population in the park has increased significantly in recent decades. Although, present throughout the Park, elephants are most easily sighted in Dhikala chaur, Phulai chaur, and near the Saddle Dam. 

Deer 
Corbett has four species of deer. They are the most frequently sighted large mammals in the Park. 

Chital 
(Axis axis) or Spotted deer is the commonest of deer species of Corbett. It is also the most beautiful, with characteristic white spots on its reddish-brown body. Chital are ecologically important because they form an important prey base for carnivores like leopards and tigers. They also help in dispersal of plant seeds including grasses and also tree and shrub species like amla, ber, etc.

Para or Hog Deer (Axis porcinus) is the rarest of Corbett’s deer. It is closely related to the chital but is smaller in size. This species mostly inhabits grasslands, swampy areas and clearings and is usually nocturnal 

Sambar (Cervus unicolor) is the largest deer found in Corbett. Its body is largely a uniform greyish-brown in colour, except for the creamy white on the backsides and under-tail areas. Males have antlers up to 1 m long that are periodically shed and replaced. Male sambar also have dense manes on their necks. 

Sambar are mostly found in dense forests with a gently sloping to steep topography. They are known to reach altitudes as high as 3,700 m. Sambar browse on leaves, berries, fallen fruit, leaves and tender bark of young trees, and also graze on grasses and sedges. These deer are mostly active solitary but may be found in small groups during the mating season. They let out a loud, repetitive alarm call when they sense a threat. These signals are used by trackers to locate tigers. Sambar is the most important prey species for the tiger and presence of sambar usually indicates a good tiger habitat. 

Deer, Corbett National ParkKakar or Barking Deer (Muntiacus muntjak) is the smallest of Corbett’s deer. The body colour is golden tan on the dorsal (upper) side and is lighter on the undersides. Kakar are mostly found in areas having dense vegetation and hilly terrain. They prefer to be close to water-sources. Kakar are omnivorous and feed on herbs, fruit, grass, tree-bark and also birds’ eggs and small animals. They are solitary and quite territorial. 
Kakar emit a typical dog-like alarm “bark” when they sense the presence of a predator. Barking may carry on continuously for up to an hour. They are active both during daytime and at night. They are a prey for tigers, leopards, jackals and pythons. 

leopard 

The Leopard (Panthera pardus) is the other large cat found in Corbett. Compared to the tiger leopards are smaller, more graceful and have a long agile body that has rosettes instead of stripes. It also has the ability to limb trees. Leopards are quite versatile, adaptable to a variety of terrains as well as to a broad range of prey that includes everything from insects and rodents up to large ungulates. 

Primates 
There are two species of primates found in Corbett. The Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta) is the commonest monkey of the Indian subcontinent. It lives in a wide range of habitats – from plains to the Himalayas at elevations up to 3000 m – and is quite adaptable to humans. Its body is earthy brown in colour and buttocks are reddish. The Rhesus is quite a lively and vocal animal. It lives in large troupes of up to two hundred individuals. Large dominant males (called alpha males) lead these groups. It is omnivorous, and often eats roots, herbs, fruits, insects, crops, and small animals. 

Hanuman or Common Langur 
(Semnopithecus entellus) has an unmistakable appearance - a light body, dark face and a very long tail. It is considered to be sacred in many parts of India and is found in many environments, from desert edge to forests. Langurs are vegetarian and feed mainly on leaves, buds, flowers, fruit, and seeds. Feeding activity is generally in the early morning and late afternoon. Like monkeys, langurs too live in troupes led by dominant males. In the trees, they are remarkably agile and can make horizontal leaps of 3-5 m. 

Himalayan Goral or Ghural 
(Nemorhaedus goral) is a goat-like animal that occurs in the Himalayas between 1,000 to 4,000 m. It lives in small groups on sparse mountainous slopes and cliff faces with crevices. It is remarkably sure footed and can move at high speeds even over near vertical terrain. Goral are active at dawn 

Wild boar (Sus scrofa) is the ancestor of the domesticated pig that lives in moist forests and scrub. It has long, curved canine teeth (called tusks) that are used for digging food and as weapons. Wild boar feed on roots, tubers, fruits, shrubs, bird eggs, insects, mice, snakes, frogs and carrion. They usually move in groups both at day and night. 

The Asiatic Jackal 
(Canis aureus) is a member of the dog family. It is found in open country, short grasslands and has also adapted to living near human settlements. 
It comes out during the night to forage for food. Its omnivorous diet consists of deer fawns, rodents, hares, birds, eggs, reptiles and amphibians and various fruits especially ber and jamun. The jackal is also an opportunistic scavenger, readily raiding garbage bins. 

Otter 
Corbett is one of the few places in India where three species of otter are found existing together. Otters are an important component in the ecology of the Park, especially the Ramganga and its tributaries. Otters are indicators of a healthy river ecosystem. The species of otters occurring in Corbett Park are Eurasian or Common otter (Lutra lutra monticola), Smooth-coated otter (Lutra perspicillata) and Small-clawed otter (Aonyx cinerea). Fish forms the majority of the otters’ diet, except in case of Small-clawed otter, which primarily feeds on insects and other invertebrates. 

Birds 
Hawk Eagle, Corbett National ParkThe great variety of habitat in Corbett is reflected in its impressive diversity in the bird life. Over 600 species, many of them rare and endangered, have been recorded in and around the park. these include nearly fifty kinds of birds of prey that provide a unique character to the avifauna. This inherent richness in bird life increases even further during winter with the arrival of numerous migrants – some, like osprey and ducks, coming all the way from East Africa, Europe and Central Asia. Winter also brings many Himalayan birds from higher regions who come to take refuge in Corbett to escape the extreme conditions in the mountains above. These include many flycatchers, great barbet and the wallcreeper.

Gharial and Mugger 
Corbett has two of India’s three crocodilian species. It is considered to be one of the best spots to see the Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus), one of the largest and most endangered crcodilians of the world. It is found only in the Indian subcontinent. The gharial’s slender snout is adapted to eat fish so it does not attack humans or larger mammals. Young gharials may eat invertebrates and insects. 
About 100 gharials live in the Ramganga and can be seen swimming in its deep pools or basking in the sun on its banks. These were released as part of the conservation programme for gharials. Though it has been saved from extinction, the gharial is still critically endangered. 
The still waters of Corbett, especially the Ramganga reservoir, are home to the Mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris). Muggers are more general carnivores and take a variety of animals as food. Muggers are also found in Nakatal, Corbett’s only lake. 

Mahseer and other Fishes 
Corbett is home to many species of freshwater fish. The Ramganga, Palain, Sonanadi and Mandal rivers, provide vital habitat and breeding grounds for them. Fish form a fundamental link in the food chain for many key species like the gharial, otters, fish-eagles, kingfishers, ospreys, storks, fish-owls, egrets, darters and pelicans. 
The most celebrated of the fishes is the Golden Mahseer (Tor putitora), a large freshwater river fish belonging to the carp family. It has a magnificent appearance – sap green body with bright orange scales. Mahseer is considered to be one of the most prized fish for anglers all over the world.  Other important fish species of Corbett are Goonch (Bagarius bagarius), Indian trout (Barilius bola) and Rohu (Labeo rohita
Sustainable angling, as opposed to intensive fishing, benefits conservation of prized fishes like mahseer. Angling is allowed in certain areas in the buffer region of Corbett after taking permits from the Forest Department. 

Herpetofauna 
Reptiles live in a great variety of habitats. But apart from the gharial and mugger the other reptiles of Corbett have not been studied in great detail. Several species of snakes have been reported from here, including the King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) and Indian Cobra (Naja naja). Indian Rock Pythons (Python molurus) are frequently sighted and there also exist several kinds of vipers, kraits and boas. 
The Bengal Monitor (Varanus bengalensis) is the most imposing of Corbett’s lizards. The list includes nine other species of Agamas, Geckos and Skinks 
Amphibians occupy a wide range of niches from forest floor to freshwater swamp, and from urban areas to mountain torrents. As of now, there are seven species of toad and frog occurring in the Park. 


FLORA
 

The different habitat types of Corbett i.e. mountains, sal forests, chaurs, khair-sissoo forests, and rivers have their distinct assemblage of plants. More than 600 species of trees, shrubs, herbs, bamboos, grasses, climbers and ferns have been identified in the Park. 

Trees 
Ben Ledi Trees, Corbett National Park

Chir pine (Pinus roxburghi) is the only conifer of the Park and is found on ridge-tops like Chir Choti but comes quite low in Gajar Sot. The upper reaches near Kanda haveBanj Oak (Quercus leucotrichophora) growing which is essentially a Himalayan species.

Palms include Khajur or Date-palm (Phoenix sp.) that occurs in open areas. Wallachia densiflora is a rare palm characteristic of Eastern Himalayas but is found in Corbett near Sultan. 
Kanju (Holoptelia integrifolia), Jamun (Syzygium cumini) and Aamla (Emblica officinalis) are found scattered throughout the lower areas while Tendu (Diospyros tomentosa) occurs in moist areas. Other major tree species are Bel (Aegle marmalos), Kusum (Schleichera oleosa), Mahua (Madhuca indica) and Bakli (Anogeissus latifolia). 

Flowering trees lend colour to the forests in Corbett. The main ones are Kachnaar (Bauhinia variegata) with pink to white flowers, Semal (Bombax ceiba) with big red blooms, Dhak or Flame-of-the-forest (Butea monosperma) with bright orange flowers, Madaar or Indian Coral (Erythrinia indica) with scarlet red flowers and Amaltas (Cassia fistula) with bright yellow chandelier like blooms. 
Some species of trees that do not occur naturally in the Park have been artificially planted in and around habitation. These include Teak (Tectona grandis), Eucalyptus, Jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosaefolia), Silver Oak (Gravillea robusta) and Bottlebrush (Callistemon viminalis), and can be seen in and around forest rest houses. 

Shrubs 
Shrubs dominate the tree understorey and scrub areas. There are several species of Ber (Zizyphus sp.) in open areas and provide food and habitat to many birds and animals. Maror phali (Helicteres isora) is an easily noticeable shrub. Its fruits are in the form of twisted spiralling pods. Karaunda (Carissa sp.), with pinkish-white flowers and sour fruit, is found under sal. Hisar (Rubus ellipticus) has yellow, juicy, mulberry-like fruits that are savoured by animals. 
Jhau (Tamarix dioica) is found along the Ramganga basin on sandy or rocky soil. Colebrookia oppsitifolia and Adhatoda vasica are found in nallahs. 

Bamboo 
In some parts of Corbett the vegetation is dominated by bamboo forest. The main species is Male Bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus) having clustered stout stems and shining papery stem sheaths. 
Bamboos follow a peculiar flowering process. All bamboos in a forest flower together at the same time once in several decades. After flowering, fruiting and dispersal of seeds, all individuals die together. 

Euphorbia Hirta, Corbett National ParkHerbs 
Herbs include many species of wildflowers belonging mostly to Pea and Aster families. They are most visible on grasslands or chaurs and on open areas. 
Drymaria diandra is a spreading annual herb with heart shaped leaves and occurs in moist shady places. Bhilmora (Rumex hastatus) is a sour tasting herb used for making chutney. Other species encountered in Corbett are Euphorbia hirta, a hairy herb, Indigofera liniofolia with bright red flowers, Clover (Oxalis sp.) with three leaflets,Solanum sp. and Leonotis nepatafolia (orange flowers and spiky round fruits). 

Grasses 
Grasses form the largest group of plant species in Corbett with more than 70 species recorded. They occupy different habitats, especially chaurs. 
They include Kansi (Saccharum sp.), Themeda arundinacea, Baib or Bhabar (Eulaliopsis binata), Narkul (Arundo donax), Tiger Grass (Thysanolaena maxima), Khus Khus (Vetiveria zizanioides), Cymbopogon flexuosus (a tufted grass with pleasant aromatic leaves), Aristida cyanantha (found amidst boulders), Neyraudia arundinacea (with light brown inflorescence) and Heteropagon contortus (Spear Grass with conspicuous sharp blades that adhere to clothes and penetrates skin). 

Woody climbers 
Woody climbers found in the park are Milletia auriculataCrypotepris buchananiPorana paniculata (dense canopy with profuse white flowers), Clematis gouriana (shrubby twiner with tendril like branches) and Bauhinia vahlii (flat rusty hairy pods, large leaves used for making pattal) 

Epiphytes and orchids 
Epiphytes are plants that grow above the ground on other plants, and derive nutrients and water from rain, the air, dust, etc. They are found on sal and other trees in the park. 
They include Dendrophthoe falcata (scarlet red flowers), Scurrula cordifolia (hairy coating on shoots and leaves), Vanda testacea(orchid with flat keeled leaves and beautiful spike flowers), Cuscuta reflexa (or ‘Dodder’, with interlaced yellow cord like habit, growing on shrubs). 

Wetland vegetation 
The semi aquatic species which inhabit marshy areas of Corbett include PolygonumVeronicaHypericum and Ranunculus etc. 

Non-flowering plants 
Adiantum Plant, Corbett National ParkNon-flowering plants include ferns, mosses and lichens. Ferns occur in cool shady moist areas along streams. They include Adiantum, Pteris, Ophioglossum reticulatum(Snake-tongued Fern which occurs below Sal), Equisetum (found growing on sandbanks along streams). Many kinds of fungi are found on rotting trunks and accumulating debris. These include mushrooms, brilliantly patterned toadstools, and puffballs. The presence of lichens symbolises good air and environment and many kinds of colourful lichens grow on mature tree trunks and boulders all over Corbett.Liverworts and mosses are found on moist trunks. 



TOURISM ZONES AND ACCCOMODATION AT CORBETT NATIONAL PARK

Tourism zones in Jim Corbett National Park 

For better tourism management and convenience of visitors Jim Corbett National Park has been divided into five tourism zones each having separate entry gate. 
Tourism zone
Entry Gate
Dhikala
Dhangari
Jhirna
Khara,Kalagarh
Bijrani
Amadanda
Sonanadi
Vatanvasa
Domunda
Durgadevi


Accomodation at Corbett national park

Forest rest house are made at various locations in all the tourists zones at Corbett which gives maximum probability of viewing wildlife. The selective locations of these rest houses makes the stay even more refreshing. One can listen to the sound of jungle at night or view the activities of the jungle after safari from these rest houses. Following are the rest house available for stay of visitors inside the park. 

Dhikala Zone

Elephant, Dhikala  Tour PackagesSultan: Sultan is the first FRH encountered during the drive from Dhangarhi to Dhikala. It is named after the Sultan Sot, the seasonal stream running through that area. It typifies dense forest area and is located in one of the best stretches of pure sal that occur in the Park.

Gairal: This FRH is reached by a short detour off the Dhangarhi-Dhikala main forest road. It lies on the banks of the Ramganga near the place where it first enters the Park. At Gairal the Ramganga portrays a different character than it does at places downstream (like Dhikala). Here, it is a crystal-clear, fast-flowing mountain river flowing through scenic forests. Being out of the way, Gairal presents ideal conditions for viewing wildlife and birds in tranquillity.

Sarapduli: This FRH lies on the Dhangarhi-Dhikala road. It is located downstream of Gairal on the flat southern bank of the Ramganga while the opposite northern bank rises steeply to a ridge. Movement of large mammals (tiger, elephant included) is quite high at Sarapduli. It is also a good place to see crocodiles and also good for birdwatching.

 Khinnanauli: Located in the middle of Khinnanauli chaur, this FRH is an excellent tiger territory. It is one of the most recently built FRHs of Corbett. Its strategic location provides an easy getaway to various parts of the Park.
  
Dhikala: Dhikala is the most well known of the destinations in Corbett. It is located at the edge of the broad Patli Dun valley through which the Ramganga flows in numerous channels. Dhikala offers an awesome uninterrupted panoramic view of the valley, with the Kanda ridge in the backdrop. This sight appears all the more imposing from the watchtower near Dhikala. The Tourist Complex overlooks Dhikala chaur (one of the largest remaining grasslands of the Park) and Phulai chaur. A drive through the numerous trails through chaurs is rewarded with sightings of wild elephants, chital, hog deer and numerous grassland bird species and raptors. The Old FRH at Dhikala is a historic structure, having been built over a hundred years ago.

Kanda: Kanda lies in the northern part of the Park flanking the Himalayas. It is the highest FRH in the Park at about 1100 m. due to its elevation one can get a bird’s-eye view of the Park and the Ramganga valley below. While most of Corbett has a Shiwalik type of vegetation and topography, the forests at Kanda show characteristics that are Himalayan. The fauna also is typically Himalayan, with mammals like goral, Himalayan black bear, serow and leopards occurring here. Although the road to Kanda is bumpy and narrow the surroundings are extremely serene. The place finds mention in Jim Corbett’s writings in The Kanda Man-Eater
Bijrani Zone

Bijrani: The area in and around Bijrani once formed part of a shooting block. During the British period it was much famed for the quality of game hunting that it offered to shikaris. In comparison to Dhikala, the terrain at Bijrani is drier and also has more diverse vegetation. 

Malani: This FRH lies 12 km due northwest of Bijrani. Located on the edge of the core zone of the Park, Malani has offers one of the most picturesque surroundings and solitude. The drive up to Malani is quite rewarding in mammal and bird sightings. 

Jhirna Zone

Tiger, Jhirna Zone  TourJhirna: This FRH lies just inside the southern boundary of the Park. The FRH lies on the road from Ramnagar to Kalagarh that runs in an east-west direction through the Park. The landscape is drier than in Dhikala and vegetation is mostly scrub. Jhirna was a farming village until 1994 when it was successfully relocated under Project Tiger. The abandoned farmland is gradually reverting to a wild state and is being managed to develop grassland habitat. The nearby terrain consists of numerous sots and narrow gorges running through typically Shiwalik landscape. The hills to the north of Jhirna are covered with dense patches of bamboo. Apart from being a good habitat for tiger, leopard and deer, the place hosts other interesting mammals like sloth bear and wild boar. A variety of birds can also be enjoyed here. 

Sonanadi Wildlife Sanctuary and Reserve Forest buffer

Halduparao: The FRH, which was built about a hundred years ago, is located between the Palain and Sonanadi rivers a short distance before they drain into the Ramganga reservoir. It lies under the Sonanadi Wildlife Sanctuary and is known for its quiet, peaceful, riverine surroundings. Halduparao is a good place to watch wild elephants from close quarters during summer. 

Lohachaur:This FRH is located in the northern part of Corbett Tiger Reserve in the RF buffer area. It lies on the banks of the river Mandal upstream of its confluence with the Ramganga. The access is from Durga Devi gate.

Rathuadhab:Located in the northern RF buffer, Rathuadhab lies on the forest road connecting Durga Devi in the east and Vatanvasa towards the west. It is a favoured spot for elephants.


HOTELS & RESORTS IN JIM CORBETT

Resort in Corbett National ParkHotels and Resorts in Corbett National Park Every year thousand of tourist coming to Corbett National park in the search of Tiger. Corbett national park offers hotels, resorts and lodges of all categories and budgets for the visitors coming to the Park. There are camps offering budget stay with comfortable cottages and amazing locations to resorts providing luxurious stay with all the facilities one can think of. List of resorts and camps is as follows   
  
» Ramganga Resort
» Infinity Resort
» Corbett River wild resort
» Campwild adventure                                                                                                               
» Tiger Camp Jungle Lodge
» Corbett Jungle Retreat
» The Wild Crest Resort
» Manu Maharani Resort
» Corbett Hideaway 
» Corbett Riverside Resort
» Corbett Jungle Club
» Corbett River View Retreat
» Solluna Resort 
» Corbett Roop Resort
» Camp Forktail Creek Jungle Lodge 
» Vanghat River Lodge 
» Camp Riverwild 
» Country Inn Treetops Resort 
» Corbett County
» Corbett Suman Grand 
» Corbett Kingdom 
» Corbett Treff Hotel 
» Jim's Jungle Retreat 
» Corbett Wilds Camp and Retreat 
» Ashoka's Tiger Trail 
» Corbett Tiger Den Resort

Things to do Corbett Wildlife Safari


4wheel Drive Safari - Corbett


Jeep Safari, Corbett National ParkA quick and convenient way of viewing wildlife or tracking the tiger is in open four-wheeled jeeps. It is the best way to cover maximum area inside the forest in stipulated time frame. Each jeep can seat up to 6 persons comfortably. Besides the visitors, the jeep has an expert driver and a trained nature guide. Taking a Nature Guide with each vehicle is compulsory. These registered guides help tourists spot wildlife and make sure that they do not lose their way inside the forest. Specific trails for vehicles are maintained. Driving off track it is not allowed for reasons of safety. 
Safari Routes:

Dhikala - 50 kms from Ramnagar. Mandatory overnight stay inside the National Park.

Loharchaur - 43 kms from Ramnagar. Most frequented by birders. 

Jhirna - 35 kms from Ramnagar.

Bijrani - 9kms from Ramnagar. For those with time constraints, this route offers the shortest safari inside the National Park.

Elephant Safari - Corbett 

For those who always like to pave their own way, the best way to explore the park, is on an elephant's back. Undaunted by the thick of the jungle, the modern mammoth invariably leaves the beaten track and marches right into the unknown. The ride can be a mix of moments of pure wild thrill interspersed with long periods of utter peace. 

Elephant Safari Routes :

Bijrani – Offers the adventure and thrill of exploring dense jungles and you never know how close you might be to the king of the jungle.  

Dhikala – Offers fair chance of viewing tiger and other wildlife from close quarters in the grass lands.


Open Bus Safari - Corbett


It is the only way of visiting Dhikala - the heart of the National Park and come back within the same day. It is also a bit economical than a jeep safari if you are travelling alone.

4 Wheel Drive Safari - Sitabani
The ancient temple at Sitavani holds mythological importance for Hindus. It is believed to be the place where Sita spent her years in exile and raised her children. Other than that, the thick and enchanting forest is a safe haven for wild animals. 

Horse Safari


Horse Safari, Corbett National ParkA full day horse safari through thick reserve forests of Sal to Sitabani and back. Follow the footsteps of Jim Corbett who used this trail to Sitabani forest rest house regularly. Hot Lunch at the ancient Sitabani temple. Set deep in the forest, thistemple is where Sita from the epic Ramayana took refuge with her sons. Gallop on the soft tracks and enjoy the opportunity to stop and examine whatever catches your fancy. The horses will be especially brought from Nainital for your ride.

Nature Hike

Nature Hike, the best way to experience the jungle. Feel how the villagers used to travel from one village to the other crossing dense jungles resting at water sources. There are many treks depending upon the difficulty level of the trek. Nature trek is allowed only at few areas and is restricted at most of the areas of the park.  

Man Vs Wild

A challenge of jungle for physical strength. A tug of war between elephant and 15 men. Come and test where we stand as far as physical strength goes. 

Rappelling/ River crossing/ Rock climbing

Enjoy the adventure activities like rappelling, river crossing and rock climbing. These activities can be arranged only for group of people above 15. They add on to the fun of staying at jim Corbett. 
 

Bird Watching

With more than 500 resident Species of Birds & over 1000 Including Migratory, corbett is the paradise for bird watchers